# Gestor de archivos Thunar

&date;
2004
2005
2006
2007
Benedikt Meurer
2006
José M (josem88@gmail.com)

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. The complete license text is available from the Free Software Foundation.

Benedikt
Meurer

    benny@xfce.org

os-cillation
System development
Software developer
Este manual describe la versión 0.9.99.1 de Thunar

## Introdución a Thunar

Thunar is a new modern file manager for the Xfce Desktop Environment. Thunar has been designed from the ground up to be fast and easy-to-use. Its user interface is clean and intuitive, and does not include any confusing or useless options by default. Thunar is fast and responsive with a good start up time and folder load time.

El gestor de archivos Thunar de tal modo proporciona un punto de acceso integrado a tus archivos y aplicaciones. Puede usar el gestor de archivos para lo siguiente:

- Crear directorios y documentos.
- Mostrar sus archivos y directorios.
- Manipular sus archivos y directorios
- Ejecutar y manejar actiones personalizadas.
- Acceder a medios extraíbles.

## The File Manager Window

By default the file manager window consists of a shortcut pane on the left side, the main area on the right and a pathbar above the main area.

File Manager Window

The Shortcut Pane provides shortcuts to different folders on your system. The first shortcut will lead to your Home Folder, the folder you store all your personal data, and will therefore have the name of the current user. The second shortcut will take you to the trash bin, which stores deleted files that can be recovered later. The third shortcut takes you to the Desktop Folder, which contains the files and folders that are displayed on the desktop. The fourth shortcut will take you to the root of your file system - you may want to explore it a bit, even though it may be confusing to you if you are new to Linux/Unix. Just click on the different folders and see what is inside.

Below the File System shortcut, the removable drives and media will be displayed. In the screenshot above, you can see a Floppy Drive shortcut. Click on these shortcuts to access the data stored on the removable drives and media. See for further details.

The remaining shortcuts are user defined. Add your own shortcuts by simply dragging folders to the Shortcuts Pane. This will allow you to access important folders instantly. To remove a previously added shortcut, right-click on the shortcut and choose Remove Shortcut. To rename a previously added shortcut, right-click on the shortcut and choose Rename Shortcut. Note that these actions affect only the shortcut, not the folder referenced by the shortcuts.

The main area will always display the contents of the current folder. Double click on folders to enter them, and right-click on files or folders to get a context-menu offering some choices of what to do with it. Select multiple files by dragging a rectangle over them with the mouse. Alternatively, select one file, hold down the Shift key, and increase or decrease the selection using the arrow keys.

The pathbar will always show the path you took to get to the folder you are currently at. You can click on any pathbar button to change to the folder it represents. Right-click on a pathbar button to bring up a context-menu with some options.

### Customizing the Appearance

There are many ways to customize the appearance of the file manager windows. In case you do not like the way the icons are displayed, choose View View as Detailed List from the main menu to have the contents of the current folder displayed as a list.

You can have the file manager windows display a location bar instead of the pathbar by choosing View Location SelectorToolbar Style from the main menu.

In case you prefer a treeview in the left pane, choose View Side PaneTree from the main menu.

#### Visible Columns in the Detailed List View

If you prefer to display the contents of the folder as a list, using the Detailed List View, you can customize the columns displayed in the list view. To customize the visible columns, choose View Configure Columns... from the main menu.

Visible Columns

Visible Columns

  Select the columns you want to be displayed from the list of available columns. Click Move Up or Move Down to change the order of the columns. Click Use Default to revert your changes.

Column Sizing

  Select the option Automatically expand columns as needed if you want the list view columns to expand automatically if the needed to ensure the text is fully visible.

## Working with Files and Folders

### Opening Files

When you open a file, the file manager performs the default action for that file type. For example, opening a text file will display it in the default text editor, while opening an image file will display the image in the default image viewer.

The file manager checks the extension of a file to determine the type of a file. If the file has no known extension, the file manager examines the contents of the file.

#### Executing the Default Action

To execute the default for a file, double-click on the file. For example, the default action for audio files is to play the it with the default music playing application. In this case, you can double-click on the file to open the file in the music player.

You can set Thunar preferences so that you click once on a file to execute the default action. For information, see .

#### Executing Non-Default Actions

To execute actions other than the default action for a file, select the file that you want to perform an action on. Choose the desired action from the Open With choices available in File menu or an Open With submenu.

#### Adding Actions

To add actions associated with a file type, perform the following steps:

1. In the main area, select a file of the type to which you want to add an action.

2. Choose File Open With Other Application... from the main menu.

3. Either choose an application in the Open With dialog or select Use a custom command and browse to the program with which you wish to open this type.

The action you have chosen is now added to the list of actions for that particular file type. If you enabled the Use as default for this kind of file option or there was no prior action associated with the type, the newly added action is the default.

You may also add actions using the Open With button under File Properties....

#### Modifying Actions

To modify the actions associated with a file or file type, perform the following steps:

1. In the main area, select a file of the type for which you want to modify the action.

2. Choose File Properties... from the main menu.

3. Select the new default action using the Open With button or add a new action by choosing Open With Other Application... from the drop down menu.

To remove a previously added action for a file type, bring up the Open With dialog as described above, right-click the action you want to remove and choose Remove Launcher.

### File Properties

The file properties window shows more information about any file or folder in the file manager. With this window, you can also do the following:

- Change the icon for special files, such as application launchers and URL links.

- Add or remove emblems for a file or folder.

- Change the UNIX file permissions for a file or folder.

- Choose which application is used to open a file and other files of the same type.

File Properties

To open the file properties window, perform the following steps:

1. Select the file or folder whose properties you want to examine or change. You cannot select multiple items at once and display the properties that are in common to all items currently.

2. Do one of the following:

   - Choose File Properties... from the main menu.

   - Right-click the selected item and choose Properties... from the context menu.

   - Press AltReturn.

## Using Removable Media

### Accessing Removable Media

Thunar supports removable media if it was built with support for HAL, or if you are using FreeBSD. Note however that on FreeBSD 6.0 or newer, it is suggested to use HAL rather than the native support provided by Thunar.

#### To Mount Media

To mount media is to make the file system of the media available for access. When you mount media, the file system of the media is attached as a subdirectory to your file system.

To access media, insert the media in the appropriate device, or connect the new device to your computer (i.e. connect an USB stick to one of your USB ports). An object that represents the media is added to the side pane of the file manager. If xfdesktop is running and configured to display File/launcher icons this object will also be added to your desktop.

To actually mount the media, click on the object that represents the media. For example, to mount a floppy diskette, click on the Floppy Drive object in the side pane. The file manager will now add the file system of the media to your file system hierarchy and display the contents of the floppy diskette in the main area.

#### To Eject Media

If the drive for the media is a motorized drive (i.e. a CD-ROM drive), right-click on the media object in the side pane or on the desktop and choose Eject Volume. The media is ejected from the drive after a few seconds. If the drive for the media is not motorized (i.e. a floppy drive or an USB stick), right-click on the media object and choose Unmount Volume. After a short period of time, a notification will appear to inform you that it is now safe to remove the media or disconnect the drive from the computer.

Unmount notification

However this notification will only be displayed if support for libnotify is enabled, and you have installed a notification daemon. A notification daemon for Xfce is available from the Xfce Goodies Project. If notification support is not available, wait until the context menu disappears before you remove the media or disconnect the drive.

Be aware that you cannot eject or unmount media that is still in use by one or more applications. Therefore if the file manager refuses to eject media, make sure you close all applications that were accessing the media, and be sure to also check command line applications running in Terminal windows.

Make sure to unmount removable media before ejecting. Do not eject a diskette from the floppy drive before your unmount the diskette. Do not remove an USB stick before you unmount the flash drive. If you do not unmount the media first you might lose data or cause your system to crash.

### Management of Removable Drives and Media

Thunar is also able to automatically manage removable drives and media if the thunar-volman package is installed on your system. Note however that this feature requires HAL support.

Now, if HAL support is available and thunar-volman is installed on your system, you can choose to enable the Volume Management feature of Thunar. Therefore, open the file manager preferences, go to the Advanced page and check the Enable Volume Management button.

The next step is to customize the management of removable drives and media to your needs. Click on the Configure link in the Volume Management section, right below the button. The Removable Drives and Media configuration dialog will be displayed.

Removable Drives and Media

If you have used the gnome-volume-manager previously, you should feel right at home, because it was designed to look and behave similar to gnome-volume-manager. The preferences are divided by device categories to make it easy to locate the option for you specific device.

The Storage page contains the most important options. As the name suggests these options apply only to storage devices like external harddisk drives, USB sticks and CD-ROMs. The Removable Storage options are described in detail below.

Mount removable drives when hot-plugged

  Enable this option to automatically mount file systems on removable drives (i.e. external harddisk drives or USB sticks) when such drives are plugged into the computer.

  This option must be enabled for certain other features to work with removable drives. For example, if you disable this option, certain kinds of portable music players cannot be detected any more and so, even if you enabled the Play music files when connected option on the Multimedia page, the specified command will not be run when you hot-plug your portable music player.

Mount removable media when inserted

  Enable this option to automatically mount file systems on removable media (i.e. CD-ROMs or DVDs) when you insert the media into the drive.

  This option must be enabled for certain other features to work with removable media. For example, if you disable this option, it is impossible to detect whether the removable media has auto-run capabilities, and so the Auto-run programs on new drives and media option has no effect for removable media.

Browse removable media when inserted

  Enable this option to automatically display the content of newly inserted media in the file manager. Note however, that the contents will only be displayed if no other action was possible or you choose to ignore the other possible actions. For example, if you insert a CD-ROM with auto-run capabilities and the Auto-run programs on new drives and media option is enabled, you will be prompted whether you want to allow or ignore the auto-run. If you choose to ignore the auto-run the contents will be displayed in the file manager.

Auto-run programs on new drives and media

  Enable this option to make use of auto-run capabilities of certain removable drives and media. See the Desktop Application Autostart Specification for details about the auto-run mechanism. To enhance security, you will always be prompted to confirm the auto-run.

  If the Windows emulator WINE is installed on your system, the auto-run mechanism will also try to run `autorun.exe` files using WINE.

Auto-open files on new drives and media

  Enable this option to make of auto-open capabilities of certain removable drives and media. See the Desktop Application Autostart Specification for details about the auto-open mechanism. To enhance security, you will always be prompted to confirm the auto-open.

The remaining options allow you to specify a command to run when a certain kind of media is inserted into a drive or a certain kind of external device is connected. The command can use three special variables, that will be substituted when the command is run:

`%d`

  Each appearance of `%d` in the command will be substituted with the device file path of the newly added device. For example, if you have plugged in an USB stick, the device file path will be `/dev/da0s1` or `/dev/sda1`.

  If no device file is associated with the device or the device file could not be found for some reason, the variable `%d` will be substituted with the empty string.

`%h`

  Each appearance of `%h` in the command will be substituted with the HAL UDI of the newly added device.

`%m`

  Each appearance of `%m` in the command will be substituted with the mount point where the newly added device was mounted. If the device cannot be mounted (for example printers or keyboards) or if the automatic mounting was disabled, `%m` will be substituted with the empty string.

#### Troubleshooting the Volume Manager

Useful tips to trouble shoot the volume manager in case it does not work as expected.

1. Make sure Thunar is running as daemon. The volume manager depends on this, as it is not a daemon by itself. By default, Xfce automatically spawns Thunar as daemon on startup. If it got killed for some reason, open the Run program (using the keyboard shortcut AltF2 or right-click on the desktop and choose Run Program... from the desktop menu), enter `Thunar --daemon` and click Run.

2. Try running thunar-volman from a Terminal window after hot-plugging the drive or inserting the media. First, you need to figure out the HAL UDI of the new device using lshal or hal-device. Once you know the UDI, run `thunar-volman --device-added <udi-of-your-device>` in a Terminal window and watch the output for errors or warnings.

If it still refuses to work, ask on the Xfce Forum or the thunar-dev mailing list for help.

## File Management Preferences

Use the File Manager Preferences dialog to set your Thunar file manager preferences. To open the preferences dialog, choose Edit Preferences... from the menu bar, or click on the File Manager button in the Xfce Settings Manager.

The File Manager Preferences dialog is divided into four pages with different options, each described in a separate section below. Basically you can set preferences in the following categories:

- The default settings for the views.

- The default settings for the side pane.

- The behavior of the file manager windows.

- Advanced features of the file manager.

Thunar also supports a bunch of so-called Hidden Options, which control several advanced features of the file manager, but are not included in the preferences in order to keep the preferences dialog simple. The `README.thunarrc` file that is included with the Thunar distribution describes all available options in detail.

### Views Preferences

You can specify a default view, select sort options and display options. You can also specify whether thumbnails should be displayed for file types that support this.

Views Preferences

View new folder using

  Select the default view for folders. When you open a new window, the is displayed in the view that you select. This can be either the icon view, the compact list view or the detailed list view. You can also select Last Active View here to use the view you used for the last active window.

Sort folders before files

  Select this option to list folders before files when you sort a folder.

Show thumbnails

  Select this option to show thumbnails of image files and other supported files. The file manager stores the thumbnail files for each folder in the hidden `.thumbnails` directory in the user's Home Folder.

  See if you want to extend the basic thumbnail functionality provided by Thunar with support for additional file types.

Text beside icons

  Select this options to place the icon captions for items in the icon view beside the icon rather than under the icon.

### Side Pane Preferences

You can select display options for the shortcuts pane and the tree pane.

Side Pane Preferences

The side pane can either display a list of shortcuts for folders in your file system, which is the default, or a tree view of your file system. This page allows you to select the size of the icons for the shortcuts and the tree pane. You can also specify whether emblems should be displayed.

Icon Size

  The size of the icons displayed in the side, ranging from Very Small (around 16x16 pixels) to Very Large (around 128x128 pixels).

Show Icon Emblems

  Select this option to display emblems for folders in the side pane. You can assign emblems to folders in the Properties dialog. Select a folder in the main area and choose File Properties... from the main menu, or right-click the folder and select Properties... from the context menu.

### Behavior Preferences

You can select the preferred behavior to interact with the file manager.

Behavior Preferences

Single click to active items

  Select this option to perform the default action for an item when you click on the item. When this option is selected, and you point to an item, the title of the item is underlined and the item will be selected automatically after a short delay.

  This delay can be configured below the option. You can also disable the automatic selection of items by moving the selector to the left-most position.

Double click to activate items

  Select this option to perform the default action for an item when you double click on the item, and select the item with a single click.

### Advanced Preferences

You can control advanced features of the file manager.

Advanced Preferences

Folder Permissions

  Choose the action that should be performed when you change the permissions of a folder in the Properties dialog. You can choose to let Thunar ask everytime when you change folder permissions, tell it to default to applying the new permissions to the folder only or to apply them recursively to the folder contents as well.

Volume Management

  If Thunar was installed with support for HAL and the thunar-volman package is also installed, you can enable the integrated volume manager. See for details about this feature.

## Customizing Thunar

This chapter describes how to customize certain parts of the file manager to your own needs.

### The "Send To" Menu

Thunar includes a Send To menu, which provides possible targets where files and folders can be sent to. To access the Send To menu, choose File Send To from the main menu, or right-click on a file or folder and choose Send To.

"Send To" Menu

By default, the Send To menu includes an entry named Desktop (Create Link) for all files and folders, which simply creates a link on the desktop for each selected file. In addition, if the Shortcuts Pane is active, the menu also includes an entry called Side Pane (Create Shortcut) for folders, which allows users to add new shortcuts to the side pane. Following these entries, Thunar lists the removable drives currently plugged into the computer. In the screenshot above, the Floppy Drive represents a possible target where files can be sent to. Note that the device is mounted automatically once selected from the Send To menu, so you do not need to manually mount it.

In addition Thunar also ships the thunar-sendto-email plugin, which adds the entry Mail Recipient to the menu, that opens the mail composer with the selected files attach to the new email. If the selection contains atleast one folder, the selected items are added to a ZIP archive before attaching them to the email. Otherwise, if the selection contains multiple files, or a single file, which is larger than 200Kib, the user will be prompted whether to pack the files into a ZIP archive, and send the ZIP archive.

Like most other features of Thunar, the Send to menu can be easily extended by users and application developers with new targets, using standard desktop entry files. These files must be installed into one of the `$XDG_DATA_DIRS/Thunar/sendto/` folders (see the XDG Base Directory Specification for details about the `$XDG_DATA_DIRS` variable).

The `MimeType` of the target `.desktop` specifies the types of files for which this action should be available in the Send To menu. For example, say you want to add entry for a Flickr uploader tool, then this entry should only show up if the selection contains JPEG files (other file formats are not supported by Flickr) and so you should add a line `MimeType=image/jpeg;`. If you do not specify any `MimeType` your entry will show up for all file types.

A complete example using the postr application is shown below:

    # postr.desktop - Integrate postr into
    #                 the "Send To" menu.
    [Desktop Entry]
    Type=Application
    Version=1.0
    Encoding=UTF-8
    TryExec=postr
    Exec=postr %F
    Icon=postr
    Name=Flickr
    MimeType=image/jpeg;

If you install this file to `~/.local/share/Thunar/sendto/` (create the folder if it does not exist yet), the Send To menu for JPEG files will show the new entry Flickr, which can be used to upload JPEG images to Flickr.

The Thunar Project Wiki contains additional examples of useful targets for the Send To menu. Feel free to extend the Wiki page with new examples.

### Thumbnailers

Thunar uses small utilities to create thumbnails of certain file types and displays the thumbnails as preview of the file content. These small tools are called thumbnailers. Thunar ships with thumbnailers for image and font files, and makes use of the installed thumbnailers from GNOME automatically if it was installed with support for `gconf`. Users may however dynamically extend this basic functionality with thumbnailers for additional file types.

If you plan to write a custom thumbnailers, you need to start with a program that accepts atleast two command line parameters, the input file, which is of the file type you plan to support and the output file, which is a PNG file that complies with the format specified by the Thumbnail Management Standard. Additionally your program may also accept the desired size of the thumbnail, which is optional but highly recommended. If you write the output file at an arbitrary image size, Thunar will afterwards scale it to the desired size, which might produce a less optimal result than generating the thumbnail with the requested dimensions.

Once your utility to generate the thumbnails is done, you will need to register your thumbnailer, so Thunar is able to locate and use it. Therefore all you need to do is to install a description file for the thumbnailer (a `.desktop` file) in one of the `$XDG_DATA_DIRS/thumbnailers/` paths. For example, if you want to register the thumbnailer for your user account only, you can install the file into the folder `~/.local/share/thumbnailers/`. The `.desktop` for thumbnailers has the following format.

#### Thumbnailer Description File Format

Thumbnailer description files utilize the Desktop Entry Format with a special `Type` of `X-Thumbnailer` and special field `X-Thumbnailer-Exec` with new field codes. Basically, a thumbnailer description file has the following format.

    [Desktop Entry]
    Version=1.0
    Encoding=UTF-8
    Type=X-Thumbnailer
    Name=Your Thumbnailer
    MimeType=your-supported/mime-type;
    X-Thumbnailer-Exec=your-thumbnailer %i %o %s

The `Version` and `Encoding` are mandated by the Desktop Entry Specification, just use the values shown in the example above. The `Type` field must have the special value `X-Thumbnailer`, otherwise your thumbnailer will not be recognized. The `Name` value describes your thumbnailer.

The `X-Thumbnailer-Exec` field contains the command to run your thumbnailer, and supports certain field codes that will be substituted when the thumbnailer is run. Recognized field codes are as follows:

`%i`
  The local path to the input file for which to create a thumbnail. May be either a path relative to the directory from which the thumbnailer was invoked or an absolute path.
`%o`
  The local path to the output file where to store the generated thumbnail. The output file must be written as valid PNG file according to the thumbnail standard (see above). Note that the path may not end with `.png`, which matters if you invoke certain third party tools.
`%s`
  The desired size of the generated thumbnail in pixels. This parameter is optional.
`%u`
  Similar to `%i`, but substituted with the URI of the file, rather than the path. This was added for compatibility with GNOME.
`%%`
  Will be substituted with a single `%`.

You need to include atleast `%o` and `%i` or `%u`, otherwise your thumbnailer will be useless.

The `MimeType` lists the MIME types - separated by semicolon - for which your thumbnailer is able to create previews.

#### Example EPS Thumbnailer

This example demonstrates how to write and install a new thumbnailer for `.eps` files, which uses the `convert` utility that ships as part of ImageMagick. First, we start with a simple script that invokes `convert` to generate a thumbnail at the requested size.

    #!/bin/sh
    #
    # eps-thumbnailer - Example thumbnailer script for EPS files.
    #
    # Usage: esp-thumbnailer eps-file png-file size
    #

    # command line parameters
    ifile=$1
    ofile=$2
    size=$3

    # invoke convert (ImageMagick)
    exec convert "eps:$ifile" -scale "$sizex$size" "png:$ofile"

Save this script above to a file `eps-thumbnailer`, make sure the file is executable and install it to `/usr/local/bin`.

    $ chmod +x eps-thumbnailer
    $ sudo install eps-thumbnailer /usr/local/bin/eps-thumbnailer

Next we need to create the thumbnail description file `eps-thumbnailer.desktop`, which looks like this:

    [Desktop Entry]
    Version=1.0
    Encoding=UTF-8
    Type=X-Thumbnailer
    Name=EPS Thumbnailer
    TryExec=convert
    MimeType=image/x-eps;
    X-Thumbnailer-Exec=/usr/local/bin/eps-thumbnailer %i %o %s

This file must be installed to `/usr/local/share/thumbnailers` (create the folder if it does not exists).

    $ sudo install -d /usr/local/share/thumbnailers
    $ sudo install eps-thumbnailer.desktop /usr/local/share/thumbnailers/eps-thumbnailer.desktop

The `eps-thumbnailer.desktop` file uses the special key `TryExec`, which, if specified, names a command that must be present on the system for the thumbnailer to be useful. In this case, our script is useless if the `convert` utility is not present.

The last step is to regenerate the thumbnailer cache, so Thunar will pick up our thumbnailer. The thumbnailer cache is located at `$XDG_CACHE_HOME/Thunar/thumbnailers.cache` (unless overridden by your or your system administrator, the `$XDG_CACHE_HOME` points to the folder `~/.cache/`). The thumbnailers cache is regenerated periodically by Thunar, but you can force to regenerate it by invoking the `thunar-vfs-update-thumbnailers-cache-1` utility, that ships as part of Thunar. This utility is usually installed in the `libexec` subfolder of your installation prefix (`sbin` on Debian/Ubuntu). So for example, if Thunar is installed in `/usr`, invoke the utility as follows:

    $ /usr/libexec/thunar-vfs-update-thumbnailers-cache-1

But make sure you run the program from your user account, not the superuser account, since the thumbnailers cache is stored in your home folder, rather than a system wide location.

Now, if Thunar is compiled with support for file alteration monitoring (using the FAM or Gamin services), it will automatically pick up the new thumbnailers cache within a few seconds and afterwards be able to generate thumbnails using your custom thumbnailers. Otherwise you might need to completely restart Thunar to apply the changes, using

    $ Thunar -q

to terminate any running instance, and afterwards restart it from your launcher.

#### Cleaning up Thumbnails

The generated thumbnails are stored in the folder `~/.thumbnails/` complying with the Thumbnail Management Standard. While testing a new thumbnailer, it might help to clean up the thumbnail cache using

    $ rm -rf ~/.thumbnails/

which will also give you some free space in your home folder. Since all the information stored within this folder was automatically generated from files in your file system, you will not loose any sensitive data.

## Acciones avanzadas.

### To Bulk Rename Files

To bulk rename files means to rename multiple files at once using some criterion, that applies to atleast one of the files. Thunar includes a bulk renamer, which can be run separately using the command `Thunar -B` or from within Thunar by selecting two or more files in the main area and pressing F2 or choosing Edit Rename... from the main menu.

Bulk Rename Files

The Bulk Renamers can be applied to the name of the files, the suffix of the files or both to the name and the suffix of the files. Thunar currently supports the following Bulk Renamers:

- Remove characters.

- Numbering files.

- Insert Date or Time.

- Insert or overwrite characters.

- Search and replace characters.

- Convert to uppercase, lowercase or camlcase.

Additional Bulk Renamers may be installed as plugins for Thunar. Check the Thunar Plugins website for currently available extensions. The Thunar Project Wiki contains further details about this feature. Feel free to add more information to the Wiki.

### El Sistema de Archivos UNIX

Aunque que el gestor de archivos Thunar hace un buen trabajo en la abstracción de los detalles del sistema de archivos subyacentes, de modo que el susuario no tiene que preocuparse de ellos, es, a veces útil entender los conceptos básicos para entender el cuadro completo. Esta sección intenta dar una introducción a los conceptos del sistema de archivos UNIX, el cual es usado hoy en día por todas las encarnaciones de UNIX, incluyendo Linux.

#### Directorios y rutas

En un sistema de archivos UNIX todos los directorios se ordenan en una estructura de árbol invertido que se ramifica hacia abajo desde un direcotrio único superior, llamado directorio raíz (root) (el término directorio es usuado a menudo en ligar de carpeta) y mostrado como Sistema de Archivos en Thunar. Esto significa que puede llegar desde un directorio a otro cualquiera recorriendo el árbol hacia arriba hasta encontrar un punto comúm, y después bajar por el árbol a través de los apropiados subdirectorios hasta alcanzar su objetivo.

La posición de cualquier archivo o arpeta en el árbol puede ser descrit por su path o ruta. El path es la lista de las carpetas que tendrías que recorrer descendiendo desde el directorio raíz para llegar al archivo o carpeta de destino. Por ejemplo, `/home/luke` es la subcarpeta `luke` de la subcarpeta `home` del directorio raíz, y `/home/luke/myfile.txt` es el archivo `myfile.txt` en esa subcarpeta. The leading `/` en estas rutas representa la carpeta raíz.

Cada usuario tiene su propia carpeta para guardar su configuración y archivos personales. Esta carpeta se llama carpeta personal y es mostrada en Thunar como un icono especian con el nombre de conexión de los usuarios. Esta carpeta es simila a la conocida Mis Documentos en Windows. Las carpeta personal de los usuarios en un sistema están usualmente localizadas en el directorio `/home`. Por ejemplo, `/home/luke` sería la carpeta personal del usuario de nombre de conexión `luke`, mientras que `/home/jane` sería la carpeta personal del usuarion con nombre de conexión `jane`.

#### Tipos de archivo

Puede que haya oído que todo es un archivo en UNIX. Esto es verdadero para la mayoría de los objetos presentes un sistema de archivos UNIX de hoy en día. De hecho, incluso los dispositivos de hardware están representados como archivis especiales. Aunque puede que esto no tenga sentido a primera vista, es uno de los putos fuertes de UNIX y sus derivados, y ha ayudado a mantener un simple motor a lo largo de los años donde otros sistemas operativos han tenido que introducir nuevos conceptos para cada nueva tecnología.

Estas son los cuatro tipos de archivos más importantes en un sistema de archivos UNIX.

##### Arvhicos corrientes

Un archivo corriente puede contener texto, un programa, u otros datos, esto incluye imágenes, archivos de audio, documentos de oficina y archivos de vídeo. El término archivo es a menudo usado para referirse a un archivo ordinario.

##### Folder Files

Las carpetas son también archivos en un sitema de archivos UNIX. Para ser exactos, una carpeta es un archivo especial, que contiene un mapa con el nombre y una referencia de cada archivo contenido dentro de esta carpeta.

##### Symbolic Link Files

Un enlace simbólico (a menudo llamado symlink) es un archivi especial que contiene una ruta a otro archivo en el sistema de archivos. Por lo tanto, los enlaces simbólicos no contienen información útil, sólo apuntan a otro archivo.

##### Archivos de Dispositivos

Como mencionamos anteriormente, a la mayoría de los disposistivos de hardware, también se accede a través del sistema de archivos. Estos archivos especiales de disposistivos están usualmente localizados en el directorio `/dev`ename>. Por ejemplo, el archivo especial `/dev/hda` representa el primer disco IDE disk en Linux.

## Preguntas frecuentes

Esta sección intenta reunir las numerasosas preguntas frecuentes que tienen que ver con el trabajo con Thunar. Si conoce alguna pregunta que no está en esta página, por favor archive una petición.

### ¿Por qué Thunar no ejecuta los archivos marcado como ejecutables?

Por razones de seguridad, Thunar solo ejecuta archivos del tipo `application/x-desktop`, `application/x-executable` y `application/x-shellscript`. Para archivos del escritorio, su ejecución será solo permitida si el archivo es del tipo `Application` y una línea `Exec` válida es dada, o de tipo `Link` una una línea `URL` válida es dada. Para otros tipos esta característica está disponible si el archivo está marcado como ejecutable para el usuario actual.

Fíjese en que para para `application/x-executable` y `application/x-shellscript`, lo tipos de los archivos no necesitan coincidir realmente con estos tipos exactamente, pero es suficiente si el tipo detectado tiene un padre coincide con uno de los dos tipos listados arriba, o si su MIME-type es un alias de uno de los de arriba

### ¿Dónde almacena Thunar los metadatos asociados con los archivos?

Thunar asocia varios parámetros con archivos/carpetas, a las cuales llamamamos metadatos. Estos metadatos para todos los archivos se alamacenan en archivo de base de datos, que es llamado el metaarchivo. La base de datos está almacenada en `$XDG_CACHE_HOME/Thunar/metafile.tdb` y puede examinarse usando `tdbtool`, que es parte de la distribución de Thunar (localizada en `tdb/`).

### ¿Dónde almacena Thunar ls preferencias?

Thunar almacena las preferencias configurables de usuario (y los parámetros ocultos) en un archivo `.ini`, que está localizado en `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/Thunar/thunarrc`, y que puede ser examinado usando un editor de texto. Vea `docs/README.thunarrc` para una descripción de varias preferencias.

### ¿Cómo usar los gestos de ratón en Thunar?

Thunar ofrece un soporte básico para los gestos de ratón en su vista de iconos. Puede usar estos gestos de ratón pulsando el botón del medio (generalmente el de la rueda scroll) mietras que el puntero está en el área del fondo de la vista de iconos (cualquier área que no está cubierta por un icono o texto). Ahora puede mover el cursor en cuatro direcciones para realizar algunas acciones descritas abajo.

- Izquierda - abre la carpeta visitada anteriormente
- Arriba - abre la carpeta padre
- Derecha - abre la siguiente carpeta visitada
- Abajo - recarga la carpeta actual

### ¿Cómo asgino diferentes combinaciones de teclas

Si quiere reasignar una combinación, Thunar soporta la forma estándar de GTK+ de cambiar las combinaciones de teclas: Simplemente colóquese en la opción del menú con el putero del ratón y pulse la combinación de teclas que usted quiera asignarle a esa opción del menú.

Para borrar una combinación asignada, pulse la tecla Backspace mientras que está en la entrada del menú.

Si la combinación de teclas no cambia, entonces debe habilitar la característica en GTK+. Puede hacerlo de tres formas:

- Si está usando Xfce 4.3 o superior puede activar Editable menu accelerators en el diálogo Configuración de la interfaz de usuario

- Si está usando GNOME puede activar Editable menu accelerators el el diálogo Menu and Toolbars del centro de control.

- Otra forma es poner lo siguiente en su archivo `~/.gtkrc-2.0` (cree el archivo si no existe):

      gtk-can-change-accels=1

  .

### ¿Dónde almacena thinar las combinaciones teclas

Las combinaciones de teclas personalizadas están almacenadas en un formato estándar de combinaciones de teclas de GRK+ en un archivo localizado en `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/Thunar/accels.scm`. Las líneas que empiezan con `;` son comentarios. Vea la documentación de GTK+ para detalles acerca de este formato.

Si usted es un administrador de paquetes o del sistema y quiere ofrecer una combinación de teclas para todo el sistema, es diferente que las combinaciones predeterminadas en Thunar, puede crear un archivo `Thunar/accels.scm` en uno de los in one of the `$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS`. Por ejemplo, si `/etc/xdg` es parte de `$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS` (el predeterminado en la mayoría de distribuciones Linux), puede instalar combinaciones para todo el sistema en `/etc/xdg/Thunar/accels.scm`. Thunar cargará estas combinaciones de este archivo en su primera ejecución.

## Soporte

To comunicar un fallo o una sugerencia para esta aplicación o para su manual, use el sitema de seguimiento de fallos en http://bugzilla.xfce.org/. Recuerde que los comunicados útiles consiguen que se arreglen tales fallos, así que un comunicado útil de un fallo tiene dos características:

- Reproductivo. Si el desarrollador no puede ver el fallo por sí mismo para comprobar que existe, lo más probable es que no pueda arreglarlo. Cualquier detalle que de puede ser de ayuda.

- Específico. Cuanto más rápido pueda asociar el problema a un área, más probable es que lo arregle convenientemente.

In case you want to request a new feature, please make clear why you consider it a worth addition for the application. It is more likely that a new feature gets added if you provide good arguments for the feature. It will increase the chance of addition even more if you provide a patch that implements the requested feature, but make sure that you read the file HACKING - especially the section labeled Coding Style - before you start hacking up the source.

Si tiene preguntas acerca del uso o la instalación de este software, por favor, pregunte en la lista de correo thunar-dev o conecte su cliente IRC a irc.freenode.net, únase al canal #thunar y pida ayuda.

## Acerca de Thunar

Thunar ha sido escrito por Benedikt Meurer (benny@xfce.org). Visite el sitio web de thunar para más información.

Esta documentación fue escrita por Benedikt Meurer (benny@xfce.org). La última versión de este documento está siempre disponible desde el sitio web de Thunar.

This software is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.